Showing posts with label #WWII. Show all posts
Showing posts with label #WWII. Show all posts

Wednesday, September 23, 2026

Wartime Wednesday: The Federal Reserve System During WWII

 

Wartime Wednesday: The Federal Reserve System During WWII

What is the Federal Reserve System (AKA Federal Reserve Bank)? Simply put (and per its website http://www.federalreserve.gov), the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 “established the Federal Reserve System as the central bank of the United States to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system.” The impetus for its founding was a history of bank banks, the most recent being the Panic of 1907 when a massive credit crisis almost caused the collapse of the financial system. Several private financiers stepped in to save banks which was a wakeup call to Congress that realized the country had no central lender to give banks emergency loans during a panic. Per Wikipedia “Although an instrument of the US Government, the Federal Reserve System is considered an independent central bank due to its structural insultation from political interference as it is managed by a Board of Governors.

When America found itself at war in 1941, the board announced that it was “prepared to use its powers to assure at all times an ample supply of funds for financing the war effort.” Wars are won by those who can out produce their opponents which takes money, and America was going to need a lot of it. The military was small, numbering fewer than 200,000 soldiers, and its weapons were obsolescent. Thousands of ships, aircraft, and vehicles, and millions of guns as associated weaponry were needed. Add to that the recruitment, training, and deployment of soldiers, sailors, and airmen. Finance became a foundation of the war.

The question became how to raise the money. The Federal Reserve and the Treasury Department
teamed to create the plan and ultimately decided on taxation and domestic borrowing. They felt that taxes on current income would minimize inflation and prompt economic stability at the end of the war. For domestic borrowing, they created a variety of securities that would allow small savers to get involved as well as the wealthy or large corporations to invest at greater levels. The twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks organized Victory Fund committees and created campaigns to market war bonds; eight campaigns in all between 1942 and 1945. Thanks to posters, radio broadcasts, and wide celebrity endorsement, the total raised was $187.5 billion with more than eighty-five million people participating.

Another issue to deal with was to “keep the cost of the war reasonable.” At the Treasury’s request, the Federal reserve kept interest rates at low levels. The Banks purchased Treasury bills at three-eighths of a percent per year, significantly lower than the peacetime rates of 2-4 percent. Wartime can create inflation because of increased income and employment affected by limited consumer goods. As the Reserve put it: When more money chases fewer goods, prices typically rise. To combat the potential for inflation, regulations on the price of goods and workers, and a rationing program were implemented. Consumer credit was also regulated.

The War Manpower Commission declared the Reserve’s work as essential to the war effort, and as a result Reserve employees were not subject to the draft. However, hundreds did volunteer for military service.

_____________________

Swedish Sunrise

Espionage. Diplomacy. Resistance. Is there any room for love?


Weeks after being accepted into America’s Office of Strategic Services, Birgit Westgard finds herself in Stockholm, Sweden - “Casablanca of the North.” The job is supposed to be easy: typing and filing. Then her handsome boss taps her to be his “plus-one” at social events where they collect intelligence, plant propaganda, and dance the nights away. How much longer can she remain impervious to his charm?

Silas Cronin is one of the lucky ones, and his plane crash lands in neutral Sweden. Bored with cooling his heels in an internment camp, he raises his hand when the government comes looking for someone who can type. Suddenly, he’s in Stockholm, mired in intrigue and subterfuge, and more than a little attracted to his new secretary who wants nothing to do with him. Is she right that wartime is no time for romance?

Link: https://books2read.com/u/3RRqyv

Sources:
https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/feds-role-during-wwii
https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/economic-perspectives/2021/2
https://www.federalreservehistory.org/topics/fed-in-wartime
https://www.atlantafed.org/who-we-are/atlanta-fed-history/first-75-years/world-war-ii
https://www.stlouisfed.org/open-vault/2022/nov/how-fed-served-during-world-wars
https://www.studocu.com/en-us/document/california-state-university-east-bay/economics-for-managers-in-a-global-economy/federal-reserves-financing-role-during-wwii-1941-1945/128748873
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve
https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed.htm

Photo Credits:
Marriner Eccles, Chairman, Federal Reserve System 1934-1948: By Harris & Ewing, photographer - Library of CongressCatalog: Public Domain.
War Bond Poster: Public Domain
War bond rally to buy bonds, February 1944.  (Photo: Mark Goebel Photo Gallery/Archive Photos/Getty Images) 

Tuesday, September 22, 2026

Traveling Tuesday: Portland, Maine

 

Traveling Tuesday: Portland, Maine

First settled in the early 1600s as part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, then formally founded in 1786, Portland, Maine was the first stop on our cruise. The city’s early history was fraught with attacks during colonial conflicts and suffered four devastating fires prompting the depiction of a phoenix rising from ashes on the city seal. As a deep-water port, Portland has a long history of commercial shipping and marine economy.

During the American Revolutionary War, Portland heavily supported Patriot activities and at one point humiliated British Captain Henry Mowat in an incident known as Thompson’s War. In retaliation, Mowat bombarded and burned the town on October 18, 1775. About four hundred buildings were destroyed leaving hundreds of residents homeless. The event served a catalyst that moved the Continental Congress to establish a naval defense. As a strategic port, Portland also saw action during the War of 1812. On September 9, 1813, a major battle occurred between the USS Enterprise and Britain’s HMS Boxer. Britain lost the battle, and tragically, both captains died. The Civil War brought a Confederate raid that led to the Battle of Portland Harbor, one of the conflict’s northernmost battles.

With the completion of the Grand Trunk Railroad to Montreal, the city became the primary ice-free
winter port for Canadian exports. The Portland Company manufactured locomotives as well as engines for ships, trains, and fire engines. Many of the company’s employees were Canadian immigrants.

Portland’s growth was exponential, increasing from a population of 8,500 in 1820 (the year Maine was established as a state) to 12,500 in just ten years. By 1860, the city more than doubled in size, doubling again by 1900.

World War II saw Portland become a strategic naval base with the establishment of the US Naval Station in late 1941as well as the location for shakedown training for new vessels and anti-submarine warfare exercises, refueling and repairs at the Long Island Fuel Annex, outfitting of destroyers for convoy escort, and major anchorage for the Atlantic Fleet. Located off the coast of Portland, the Casco Islands were also commandeered during the war, with fifty-eight military structures on Peaks Island alone. From gun emplacements and watchtowers to barracks and fire-control posts, the islands were transformed.

Education plays a key role in the city with three major universities all founded from 1865 to 1878. Healthcare is also well-represented with US Marine Hospital in 1855, Maine General Hospital founded in 1868, Maine Eye and Ear Infirmary in 1891, Children’s Hospital in 1898, St. Barnabas in the early 20th century, and Northern Light Mercy Hospital in 1918. When Maine General opened, it was the first hospital in the state available to the general public.

Commercial fishing and lobstering continue to play large roles in the city’s economy, but rife with history, Portland also has a strong tourism industry, including the arrival of multiple cruise ships each day during season. An interesting and beautiful city to visit any time of year.

__________________
Swedish Sunrise

Espionage. Diplomacy. Resistance. Is there any room for love?


Weeks after being accepted into America’s Office of Strategic Services, Birgit Westgard finds herself in Stockholm, Sweden - “Casablanca of the North.” The job is supposed to be easy: typing and filing. Then her handsome boss taps her to be his “plus-one” at social events where they collect intelligence, plant propaganda, and dance the nights away. How much longer can she remain impervious to his charm?

Silas Cronin is one of the lucky ones, and his plane crash lands in neutral Sweden. Bored with cooling his heels in an internment camp, he raises his hand when the government comes looking for someone who can type. Suddenly, he’s in Stockholm, mired in intrigue and subterfuge, and more than a little attracted to his new secretary who wants nothing to do with him. Is she right that wartime is no time for romance?

Link: https://books2read.com/u/3RRqyv

Sources
https://www.discoverconcordma.com/articles/697-the-destruction-of-falmouth
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Maine
https://www.visitportland.com/
https://www.mainehistory.org/maine-connection/casco-bays-front-line/
https://www.portlandpaddle.net/6-historic-forts-you-can-see-from-a-kayak/
https://www.islandinstitute.org/island-journal/world-war-ii-left-a-big-footprint-on-casco-bay-islands/
https://sphistory.pastperfectonline.com/Archive/56EA2046-A54C-4C8C-BC6B-403953237868
https://www.mainememory.net/record/67327/image/67327


Photo Credits: All photos taken by Linda Shenton Matchett

Tuesday, September 15, 2026

Release Day! Swedish Sunrise

 Release Day! Swedish Sunrise





Swedish Sunrise is book four in the exciting "Resistance Chronicles" and features the third sibling in the Westgard family who serves in occupied Sweden during World War II.

Espionage. Diplomacy. Resistance. Is there any room for love?

Weeks after being accepted into America’s Office of Strategic Services, Birgit Westgard finds herself in Stockholm, Sweden - “Casablanca of the North.” The job is supposed to be easy: typing and filing. Then her handsome boss taps her to be his “plus-one” at social events where they collect intelligence, plant propaganda, and dance the nights away. How much longer can she remain impervious to his charm?

Silas Cronin is one of the lucky ones, and his plane crash lands in neutral Sweden. Bored with cooling his heels in an internment camp, he raises his hand when the government comes looking for someone who can type. Suddenly, he’s in Stockholm, mired in intrigue and subterfuge, and more than a little attracted to his new secretary who wants nothing to do with him. Is she right that wartime is no time for romance?

Wednesday, July 29, 2026

Wartime Wednesday: Comics During WWII

 

Wartime Wednesday: Comic Books Go to War

Most scholars agree the Golden Age of Comics began in 1938 with the publication of Action Comics #1 which is considered the first superhero comic and features Superman saving the day. The original print run of 200,000 quickly sold out. Writer Jerry Siegel and illustrator Joe Shuster were paid $10 per page for a total of $130 ($2,973 in 2025). Not bad for a first run.

By the end of 1941, Detective Comics (predecessor to DC Comics) and its sister company All-American Publications had introduced Batman and Robin, Wonder Woman, The Flash, Green Lantern, Doctor Fate (who?), the Atom, Hawkman, Green Arrow, and Aquaman. Timely Comics (predecessor to Marvel Comics) created the Human Torch, the Sub-Mariner, and Captain America. Unsurprisingly, most of the superheroes wore some combination of red, white, and blue apparel.

To some people’s consternation, before the US entered the war, Captain America was featured on the
cover of Timely Comics’ March 1941 issue punching Hitler in the face. According to multiple sources, the cover elicited threats and hate mail. However, New York City major Fiorello LaGuaria “heartedly approved of the cover and telephone owners, Joe Simon and Jack Kirby, “You boys over there are doing a good job. The City of New York will see that no harm comes to you.”

After the attack at Pearl Harbor the use of superheroes to fight made-up villains with thinly veiled references to the real enemy increased exponentially. Characters such as Captain Nazi, the Red Skull, Captain Nippon, and Captain Swastika appeared with regularity. Superheroes also promoted patriotism by selling war bonds, creating victory gardens, recycling and saving scrap as well as joining the military or auxiliaries such as Wonder Woman who became a nurse. Superman was deemed 4-F because writers felt he had the power to end the war too quickly and without the military’s assistance.

Initially geared toward young readers, comics quickly became popular with older teens and adult men. A 1943 study indicated that about 35% of 18–30-year-olds, and about 15% of individuals over 30 read comics evidenced by the increase in companies from three in 1935 to eighteen in 1940. A staggering thirty-million new comic book issues were sold weekly by the end of the war.
 
These statistics may have been one of the reasons for the creation of the Writers’ War Board, technically a private organization but funded by the federal Office of War Information. Their mission as to find ways to insert propaganda in popular media, including comic books. In fact, there was a Comics Committee that helped shape messages.

Comics were circulated among American troops, and it is thought as many as fifty-percent of servicemen read them. Superman became the armed forces’ mascot, and planes, jeeps, and boats carried his name. He was a common illustration on Air Force planes’ nose art, and the USAF Reserve 33rd Bombardment Squadron made him their official insignia.

Entertainment, propaganda, morale-building in one small, inexpensive package.

_________________________ 
About Eye of the Beholder

Shunned for his appearance, a disfigured veteran encounters acceptance and love where he least expects it.

Left with physical and emotional scars after the Great War, Hank Drake has been shunned by polite society as the Ugly Duckling. Fine by him. He’d much rather be alone. Until he meets the kind proprietress of a tea stand at New York’s World’s Fair who isn’t repulsed by his appearance. Can he hope for acceptance…or even love?

Grace Sutton has no interest in marrying and is tired of her parent’s snide comments that she’s still single on the eve of her 40th birthday. After she loses her job thanks to budget cuts, she decides it’s time to follow her dream of feeding others. Armed with Mrs. Canfield’s cookbook, she opens a refreshment stand at the World’s Fair unaware how one man will turn her life upside down and upset the apple…er, tea cart.

Purchase Link: https://amzn.to/3Pz88KO

Sources:
https://www.nelson.edu/thoughthub/history/the-political-influence-of-comics-in-america-during-wwii/
https://www.thecollector.com/comic-books-wwii/
https://wrightmuseum.org/superheroes-go-to-war/
https://daily.jstor.org/the-propaganda-of-world-war-ii-comic-books/
https://bowers.org/index.php/collection/collections-blog/the-american-comic-strip-and-world-war-ii

Photo Credits:
Action Comics #1: By "DC Comics Celebrates 'Action Comics' #1000 and 80 Years of Superman With Commemorative Book: Exclusive" at Newsweek. Fair use
Captain America Punches Hitler: https://www.thecollector.com/comic-books-wwii/
B-17 with Superman nose art: http://www.ign.com



Wednesday, July 22, 2026

Wartime Wednesday: Greek Resistance During WWII

 Wartime Wednesday: Greek Resistance


Like all German-occupied countries during World War II, Greece suffered food shortages, heavy-handed mandates, forced labor conscription, and brutality. The Italians in October 1940, but the Greek army was able to push the enemy forces into Albania and hold them under siege. Seven months later in April 1941, Hitler answered Mussolini’s call for help by sending German troops. Fighting was brutal, and the king fled to Cairo where according to multiple sources waited for “Germany’s defeat at the hands of the British.” Germany was victorious, and in May a collaborative government was set up in Athens.

Within a short time, Greek resistance emerged, initially by sporadic individual acts of sabotage and civil disobedience such as an incident on May 30, 1941, during which two university students pulled down the Nazi flag that had been hoisted over the Acropolis.

The National Liberation Front (EAM) was the largest of the resistance groups to form and is thought to
have had almost 1.5 million members by 1944. The organization was founded by the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) and other “left-wing faction” and included a military branch (ELAS) that handled the sabotage and guerilla warfare against the occupying forces. Several sources indicate the group was highly successful in engaging Axis divisions and destroying infrastructure. In addition, EAM organized strikes and protests.

The second-largest resistance group was the National Republican Greek League (EDES) founded in September 1941 by Greek army officer Colonel Napoleon Zervas. Interestingly, the group fought the Axis powers but was also adamantly opposed to the exiled King George. EDES received support from British Intelligence as they performed acts of sabotage and guerilla warfare. One well-known act was the destruction of the Gorgopotamos railway line in November 1942 which disrupted German supply lines. Eventually, EDES’s philosophies led to a civil war, and conflict broke out between them and EAM who defeated EDES in December 1944.

Smaller resistance groups operated throughout the country and were composed of men and women. Many worked in partnership with Britain’s Special Operations Executive (SOE) collecting and passing along intelligence reports, running escape networks for refugees and downed airmen, conducted propaganda events, and staged public protests. Medical staff set up underground hospitals and medical centers.

The combination of sabotage, intelligence activities, and armed combat with resistance forces, sent German troops fleeing from Athens on October 12, 1944.

_________________

About Eye of the Beholder (Apron Strings Tea Tales)

Shunned for his appearance, a disfigured veteran encounters acceptance and love where he least expects it.


Left with physical and emotional scars after the Great War, Hank Drake has been shunned by polite society as the Ugly Duckling. Fine by him. He’d much rather be alone. Until he meets the kind proprietress of a tea stand at New York’s World’s Fair who isn’t repulsed by his appearance. Can he hope for acceptance…or even love?

Grace Sutton has no interest in marrying and is tired of her parent’s snide comments that she’s still single on the eve of her 40th birthday. After she loses her job thanks to budget cuts, she decides it’s time to follow her dream of feeding others. Armed with Mrs. Canfield’s cookbook, she opens a refreshment stand at the World’s Fair unaware how one man will turn her life upside down and upset the apple…er, tea cart.

Purchase Link: https://amzn.to/3Pz88KO

Sources:
https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/greek-resistance-during-world-war-ii
https://radicalteatowel.co.uk/radical-history-blog/a-free-greece-how-the-greek-resistance-defeated-fascism
https://greekancestry.net/yiayiaandme-15/
https://redflag.org.au/article/greek-resistance-wwii-triumph-defeat/

Photo Credits:
Members of EAM/ELAS: By Demetrios Andrianis - Own work
Soldiers raising Swastika over the Acropolis: By Ekdotiki Athinon
Protest of University Students: By National Museum of the U.S. Navy - Lot 11618-4, Public Domain


Thursday, July 9, 2026

Talkshow Thursday: Welcome back, Amanda Cabot!

 

Changing Times
by Amanda Cabot


First of all, thanks so much for inviting me to be part of Talkshow Thursday, Linda. I always enjoy my time with you and your followers.

When I first announced that I was writing a book set in the post-WWII era, a number of my readers wondered why I’d made what seemed like such a dramatic change. I suspect that others have the same questions, so I thought I’d conduct a mock interview with myself to answer them.

Most of your books take place in the nineteenth century, so why did you decide to set Beyond the Melody in 1946? As is true for many of my readers, Sweetwater Crossing holds a special place in my heart and I didn’t want to leave it. The problem was, I felt as if I’d exhausted the Vaughn sisters’ stories. At the same time, I kept thinking about them and wondering what their descendants’ lives would be like. I could have done what some authors do and write a story about their children, but that didn’t excite me. Instead, I felt drawn to the twentieth century and specifically to the World War II era.

Books set during that war are very popular now. Why did you choose 1946 rather than one of the war years? The answer to that is two-fold. First of all, I didn’t want to write a war story, because I knew I’d find the research painful. But, more importantly, I knew I couldn’t compete with the many outstanding authors, including Linda, who are writing WWII books.

What fascinated me was the adjustment both the soldiers and their families had to make in the aftermath of the war. It’s been decades since I’ve watched Best Years of Our Lives, and I’ve forgotten much of the plot, but what was indelibly etched on my memory is that both the returning soldiers and their families were faced with huge challenges. That was the kind of story I wanted to write. And when I started my research and learned that a well-respected magazine declared that it should take no more than three weeks for soldiers to put their war experiences behind them, I knew that debunking that ridiculous statement would be part of my story.

You mentioned research. What kinds of research did you do? I’m a huge fan of Time-Life’s This
Fabulous Century
series, which has a volume dedicated to each of the first six decades of the twentieth century. The combination of pictures (and, yes, a picture is worth a thousand words) and articles about everything from world events to pastimes puts these books at the top of my research list. I learned so much about life before, during, and after the war from the volume on the forties and had a lot of fun incorporating some of the more interesting details in Melody.

In addition to books, I was fortunate to have had an aunt who, with her husband, had a jukebox route. When my husband and I would visit her, she would regale us with stories of the work they did on those jukeboxes. Those tales were the reason I gave my heroine her own jukebox route.

What were the most interesting aspects of the forties for you? In some respects, that era felt almost modern. Notice that I said “almost.” Families had phones and indoor plumbing. They no longer had to cook over wood-fired stoves. Women no longer wore floor-length dresses unless, of course, they were going out for a special evening. All that felt modern.

On the other hand, there were many aspects of life that made it clear that it was eighty years in the past. No air conditioning, no GPS for easy navigation, no internet for quick research. But, when all is said and done, although the outward trappings of daily life may differ, people are essentially the same. They face the same problems and they long for the same things. It doesn’t matter whether they’re living in the nineteenth century, immediately after the Second World War, or in 2026. Though their external circumstances are different, my characters seek the same things we all do: love, a place to call home, a purpose for our lives.

Will there be another post-war book?
That depends. When I started writing Melody, I had no plans for a second book, but by the time I finished it, I realized I’d planted the seeds for one—maybe two—others. Whether or not they get written depends on how readers react to Anna and Jim’s story.

Have you abandoned the nineteenth century? Definitely not. I’m currently writing Blossoms at Twilight, the third of the Sisters of the Heart trilogy. And while that was supposed to be the final book in that series, several characters in it are demanding their own stories. I also have an idea for another Christmas story set in nineteenth century Sweetwater Crossing. The challenge now is which book to write first.

Thank you all for listening, or should I say reading? If there are other questions you’d like answered, please add them to the comments. I’ll check in frequently.

Beyond the Melody
Neither one is looking for love, but sometimes all it takes is one dance.

By the spring of 1946, life in Sweetwater Crossing is almost back to normal after the war. Not Anna Finley’s. She lost her chance at happily-ever-after when the man she loved was killed in France. Anna does her best to hide her sorrow—and a secret that haunts her—as she works on the jukeboxes she inherited when her brother died in combat. There’s no point in dreaming about what might have been.

Jim Smythe is also grieving a shattered life. His fiancée broke their engagement, reminding him that a respected magazine said it should take no more than three weeks for a veteran to forget the war. But Jim cannot forget the men in his platoon who didn’t return home, and he’s made it his mission to visit each of the fallen soldiers’ families, hoping to give them some small measure of comfort. Sweetwater Crossing is his final stop. After that, he’ll have to return to Boston and the life that holds no appeal. If only he could find an alternative, one where people saw him for himself, not his family’s name.

He’s given up hope that anyone will understand what his parents and fiancée did not, but everything changes when he enters a small café and sees a woman whose eyes reflect his own pain standing next to a jukebox. Jim knows he’ll never see her again, yet it somehow feels right to extend his hand and say, “May I have this dance?”

It’s a once-in-a-lifetime moment for two wounded people unless they can overcome their fears and find the courage to love again.

Purchase link: https://amzn.to/4o1Y49R

About Amanda
From the age of seven, Amanda Cabot dreamed of becoming a published author, but it was only when she set herself the goal of selling a book by her thirtieth birthday that the dream came true. A former director of Information Technology, Amanda has written everything from technical books and articles for IT professionals to mysteries for teenagers and romances for all ages. She is now the bestselling author of more than forty novels and a variety of novellas. Her books have been honored with starred reviews from Publishers Weekly and Library Journal and have been finalists for the ACFW Carol Award, the HOLT Medallion, and the Booksellers’ Best. For her, a day is incomplete unless it includes books and at least one pot of tea.

Photo credits:
Author image, book cover, book page: courtesy Amanda Cabot
Jukebox: Pixabay/schubinger

Wednesday, June 24, 2026

Wartime Wednesday: The War Refugee Board

 

Wartime Wednesday: War Refugee Board

Dozens of government agencies were created in America during World War II, but according to historian Rebecca Erbelding, the War Refugee Board (WRB) is “the only time in American history that the US government founded a non-military organization to save the lives of civilians being murdered by a wartime enemy.”

After significant publicity, pressure, and public outcry, President Roosevelt created the WRB on January 22, 1944 by Executive Order 9417. The board was composed of the Secretaries of State, Treasury, and War, and led by Director John Pehle, an attorney and assistant to the Secretary of the Treasury. He reported directly to President Roosevelt. On paper, the organization was limited to a maximum staff of thirty, but through “detailing” employees from other agencies, that number ultimately rose to seventy by the summer of 1944.

Responsibilities of the WRB were primarily to 1) rescue, transport, and relieve victims of enemy oppression, and 2) establish havens of temporary refuge for such victims. By coordinating activities and
programs with foreign governments through diplomats, international refugee and rescue organizations, and resistance groups, and setting up bases in neutral countries such as Switzerland, Sweden, and Turkey, the WRB was able to finance operations and communicate with individuals in enemy territory. An estimated $20M funded the board’s activities.

Efforts included obtaining blockade clearances for food shipments by private relief organizations that were distributed by the International Red Cross to prisoners in Nazi concentration camps. In North Africa refugee camps were set up, and safe haven was provided in Palestine, Switzerland, and Sweden. In August 1944, the Fort Ontario Emergency Relief Shelter was created in Oswego, New York to house refugees who would return to their countries after the war ended (provided the Allies were successful).

Some sources indicate that the WRB may have used its influence to rally European countries into action such as Hungary’s cessation of deportation of its Jews to Auschwitz in July 1944. Subsequently, the board funded diplomat Raoul Wallenberg’s rescue mission to Budapest where it is through his actions protected tens of thousands of Jews.

It is unknown exactly how many Jews were saved by the WRB’s work because of the clandestine nature of its activities; however, historian David Wyman gives an estimate of 200,000. The WRB itself indicated they may have saved “tens of thousands.” However, many it was, WRB Director Pehle commented years later that their results were “too little, too late” compared to the millions of lives lost during the Holocaust.

With the war’s end, Executive Order 9614 was issued abolishing the WRB on September 15, 1945.
______________________

Eye of the Beholder: An Apron Strings Tea Tale

Shunned for his appearance, a disfigured veteran encounters acceptance and love where he least expects it.

Left with physical and emotional scars after the Great War, Hank Drake has been shunned by polite society as the Ugly Duckling. Fine by him. He’d much rather be alone. Until he meets the kind proprietress of a tea stand at New York’s World’s Fair who isn’t repulsed by his appearance. Can he hope for acceptance…or even love?

Grace Sutton has no interest in marrying and is tired of her parent’s snide comments that she’s still single on the eve of her 40th birthday. After she loses her job thanks to budget cuts, she decides it’s time to follow her dream of feeding others. Armed with Mrs. Canfield’s cookbook, she opens a refreshment stand at the World’s Fair unaware how one man will turn her life upside down and upset the apple…er, tea cart.

Purchase Link: https://amzn.to/3Pz88KO

Sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_Refugee_Board
https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/executive-order-9417-establishing-war-refugee-board
https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/war-refugee-board
https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/the-war-refugee-board
https://archives.jdc.org/topic-guides/jdc-and-the-u-s-war-refugee-board-1944-45/

Photo Credits:
Newspaper: National WWII Museum
Children: JDC Archives
Father and Daughter at Fort Ontario: US National Archives

Tuesday, June 16, 2026

Traveling Tuesday: The Baltic States During WW2

 Traveling Tuesday: The Baltic States


My knowledge of geography was not good until my interest in World War II surfaced, and I learned about the more than seventy countries involved in the conflict, many of them tiny nations such as the three Baltic states Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia that together are smaller than the American state of Missouri.

Located in northeastern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea and bordered by Russia, Belarus, and Poland, the Baltic states have existed in some form since antiquity. Despite sharing a geographical region, the three countries have vastly “different histories and ethnic compositions experiencing varying foreign conquests that shaped their distinct political and cultural developments.” (Wikipedia) The three also have different geography with Estonia having a highly “indented coastline” and more than 2,000 islands; Lativa featuring forests that cover almost half the country, and Lithuania being a mix of lakes and forests and the Curonian Spit, a long, thin sand-dune spit that separates the Curonian Lagoon from the Baltic Sea.

The Baltic States all achieved their independence at the end of World War I or shortly thereafter. They
experienced growth and economic development, however the stability was short-lived, and all three countries suffered greatly during World War II.

In 1939, Hitler and Stalin signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact which divided Europe into German and Soviet “spheres of influence.” Not long after, the Soviets backed the Baltic States into “mutual assistance treaties” which gave the USSR the right to establish military bases in the countries. Then in June 1940 elections were held in which only pro-Stalin candidates were allowed to run, and unsurprisingly, the new parliaments voted to join the Soviet Union.

Life in the Baltic States took a tragic turn as arrests, executions, and mass deportations occurred of more than 200,000 people. Others were sent to Gulags and labor camps. The following year, the Germans invaded, and the Latvians, Lithuanians, and Estonians were thrilled to see them arrive, but excitement quickly turned to horror as the Germans set up a civil administration that targeted the Jewish population with mass killings and deportations to ghettos. The Red Army returned in late 1944 as part of the Potsdam Agreement. By the end of World War II, fewer than five percent of the original Jewish population in the Baltic States remained.

Independence would not be restored until the late 1980s.

__________________________

Eye of the Beholder: An Apron Strings Tea Tale (Releasing June 30, 2026)

Shunned for his appearance, a disfigured veteran encounters acceptance and love where he least expects it.

Left with physical and emotional scars after the Great War, Hank Drake has been shunned by polite society as the Ugly Duckling. Fine by him. He’d much rather be alone. Until he meets the kind proprietress of a tea stand at New York’s World’s Fair who isn’t repulsed by his appearance. Can he hope for acceptance…or even love?

Grace Sutton has no interest in marrying and is tired of her parent’s snide comments that she’s still single on the eve of her 40th birthday. After she loses her job thanks to budget cuts, she decides it’s time to follow her dream of feeding others. Armed with Mrs. Canfield’s cookbook, she opens a refreshment stand at the World’s Fair unaware how one man will turn her life upside down and upset the apple…er, tea cart.

Pre-Order Link: https://amzn.to/3Pz88KO

Sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_during_World_War_II
https://communistcrimes.org/en/timeline-soviet-occupation-baltic-states
https://gulag.online/articles/soviet-repression-and-deportations-in-the-baltic-states
https://www.britannica.com/event/World-War-II/The-Baltic-states-and-the-Russo-Finnish-War-1939-40
https://www.reddit.com/r/BalticStates/comments/14aqiqo/why_were_the_baltic_states_annexed_into_the/

Photo Credits:
Map of Soviet Invasion: By The Soviet Baltic Fleet H.Q. - Russian State Naval Archives (RSNA), Public Domain
Stalin and Ribbentrop after signing the Agreement: By Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-H27337 / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 de
Soldiers entering Lithuania: By Unknown author - KÄ—dainių kraÅ¡to muziejus via LIMIS (primary account number of exhibit: KÄ— KM KÄ— KM Gek 3274), Public Domain

Thursday, May 14, 2026

Talkshow Thursday: Welcome Back, Aubrey Reiss Taylor


From Writing to Reenacting
A Guest Post

I’ve mulled over the idea of getting involved with a living history group for years. Finally, this year, I took the plunge. Just when I was about to ask myself what I could possibly be thinking, I found it to be a perfect complement to what I’m already doing.

All of my World War II novels are written from the German perspective, so naturally, I joined a group that portrays a German unit from WWII. Remaining true to history, I can’t reenact as a soldier, but I can portray a female civilian or a member of the women’s auxiliary.

It is easy to see how this will infuse new life into my imagination. To be able to handle the things they used and the clothes they wore, to listen to stories of their tactical events, which, like combat, take place regardless of the weather, in sun, wind, rain, snow, heat, cold—you get the idea.

Reenacting makes everything tangible, which is something period photos, wartime footage, and war movies can’t do. Seeing and hearing the boys talk and joke with each other makes everything so much more vivid. Eighty-plus years later, it is the closest thing we have to real-time experience.

I have great respect for reenactors because many of them take their craft very seriously. The ones who
don’t usually don’t last too long. The ones who stick around are always learning, always improving their “kit” (accoutrements), and if they are soldiers, they are rising through the ranks, receiving awards, and being stretched in new ways. They strive to make things as real as possible, albeit with blanks in their weapons. It is an activity even some veterans enjoy, and from what I understand, when German WWII reenacting was in its infancy, there were even veterans of the war who wanted to participate.

Everyone has something to offer, and their knowledge or specialty differs from that of the person next to them. For someone like me, who does not have a specialty but desires a broad understanding of many things, I am grateful for their knowledge.

Some of the youngest reenactors are barely in their teens. They are not even able to participate officially, and yet they are willing to put their phones away for a weekend and sink into something completely different from what most kids their age are doing. (You have to know that many people who reenact as Germans receive pushback from their families or peers—and the younger reenactors are not exempt from this.)

This brings me to what I feel is the most important point. There’s still so much we don’t understand about World War II, and I am passionate about bridging these gaps. The younger generations are interacting with things differently than previous generations, and asking questions we cannot answer. They are willing to overlook the stereotypes, assumptions, and stigmas attached to the war. They know history has been written by the victors and are hungry for an objective viewpoint.

True, there is a concern that young people might swing too far in the wrong direction, but that’s less likely when the adults nearby have already worked through the uncomfortable questions and are willing to take the time to share what they’re learning. And the truth is, sometimes, the youths already see things clearly. We can learn from them as well.

As for my books, they don’t cater to a younger crowd. My hope is that they provide adult readers with food for thought, and facilitate more conversations about the things we still don’t understand.

About Sani: The German Medic (Second Edition):

Can a young man born in America navigate between his family’s fears and the enthusiasm he encounters as he returns to his ancestral homeland?


Raised in a German-American community, Frederick cannot resist the pull of the Fatherland. America is in the depths of the Great Depression, yet Germany is thriving under Adolf Hitler. A sense of opportunity draws him back to Europe, and together with his new friend Fritz, he volunteers for the German Army.

Though Frederick anticipates adventure and camaraderie, he experiences a continent plunging into war. His new friends say he can’t possibly understand their perspective. Can an army chaplain help bridge the gap? Or does the man hold a secret that will only devastate Frederick further?

About the Book: Maintaining the heart of the original story with updated text and a more comprehensive view of the period, Aubrey Taylor Books invites you to experience Sani: The German Medic again, or for the first time!

Links:

Website: www.aubreytaylorbooks.com
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aubreytaylorbooks
Substack: https://aubreytaylorbooks.substack.com/
Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/54029024.Aubrey_Reiss_Taylor
Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/stores/Aubrey-Taylor/author/B0973KWXV8

Purchase Links for Sani: The German Medic:
Paperback: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0GZ8FTX1D
eBook: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0GKQ7MBY6

Photo Credits:
Author photo and book imager: Courtesy Aubrey Reiss Taylor
German soldiers/motorcycle: Pixabay/Cico Zeljko
German soldiers/truck: Pixabay/Southtree

Monday, May 11, 2026

Movie Monday: O.S.S.

Movie Monday: O.S.S.

Everyone loves a good spy flick, and throughout the 1930s and 1940s Hollywood put out their fair share, but as soon as World War II ended, executives scrambled produce a film about the O.S.S., the Office of Strategic Services and precursor to the Central Intelligence Agency. Paramount won the race with the May 1946 release of O.S.S. Written by Richard Maibum, a WWII veteran who later wrote twelve of the first fifteen James Bond movies. Maibum also narrates O.S.S.

The movie stars Alan Ladd and Geraldine Fitzgerald, a prolific Irish American actress who unfortunately has been long forgotten despite winning a Daytime Emmy Award and nominations for an Academy Award, a Tony award, and a Primetime Emmy Award. Initially studying painting at the Dublin Metropolitan School of Art, she was inspired to move into acting in 1932 by her aunt actress Shelah Richards. Relocating to London she was successful almost immediately and appeared in several films before crossing “the pond” to America where she went to Hollywood and was cast in many well-known films such as Wuthering Heights (1939), Dark Victory (1939), and Watch on the Rhine (1943). Her portrayal of Elaine Dupress in O.S.S. is strong with just enough “braininess and class to get the job done.”(1)

O.S.S. was Alan Ladd’s first film after The Blue Dahlia that released in April 1946.
, and he does a brilliant job as an undercover agent working in occupied France during the war. In intriguing twist to his character is that he is sent to work for the OSS after being arrested for espionage while attempting to steal an electric circuit from a Baltimore, Maryland manufacturing plant. Apparently, thievery was a skill in demand for the organization! His character isn’t quite Bondesque but as one source put it, the flavor of the film suggests later Bond elements.

John Hoyt, who would go on to star in many film noir, makes his noteworthy debut in O.S.S. as a darkly twisted Gestapo agent who falls for Fitzgerald and manipulates her into romantic relationship (or so he thinks). He manages to live after she attempts to kill him and spends the remainder of the movie trying to find the woman “who did him wrong.”

The movie is directed by Irving Pichel who began his acting career when studios were hiring theater-trained actors for the “new fangled” talkies. He secured a contract with Paramount and worked extensively through the 1930s as a character actor. He also performed on radio and narrated two of Hollywood’s most popular movies, How Green was my Valley and She Wore a Yellow Ribbon. When acting jobs began to dry up just before WWII commenced, he turned to directing and was tapped to direct several B-movies before moving to 20th Century Fox to direct their leading actors and actresses. Many of his movies were pro-British and anti-Nazi. Tragically, he would later be part of the “Hollywood Nineteen” who refused to name suspected Communists to the House Un-American Activities Committee, were blacklisted, and saw their careers implode as a result.

Alan Ladd and Richard Benedict reprised their roles in a 60-minute adaptation for the “Lux Radio Theater” broadcast that aired on November 18, 1946.

Have you seen this classic?

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Dutch Dawn

Will they survive the 500-mile journey to freedom?


Isak Westgard is only six missions short to be rotated stateside. Then the unthinkable happens, and he crashes in the occupied Netherlands where the chances of him making it back to England are slim to none. The beautiful and tough-as-nails resistance courier begs to differ and claims she hasn’t lost anyone yet. The problem is the longer they’re together, the less he wants to escape.
 
Annaliese Claasen has escorted her fair share of refugees and downed Allied pilots to safety - too numerous to remember. Until now. There’s something different about the Norwegian-American lieutenant, and it’s more than his good looks. Can she get him out of the country before losing her heart?

Purchase Link: https://books2read.com/u/bMjoxV

Photo credits:
Movie Poster: By Unknown - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0038794/, Fair use
Movie Stills: Courtesy Paramount Pictures

Wednesday, May 6, 2026

Release Day! Dutch Dawn

 Release Day! Dutch Dawn 



Book 3 of The Resistance Chronicles is now available in ebook and paperback. Germany invaded The Netherlands in April 1940 beginning five years of brutal occupation. But the Dutch showed what they were made of and resisted their captures, first as individuals, then as an integrated network of cells. One of the jobs was to courier downed Allied pilots out of the country to safety - allied pilots who were taller, healthier, and full of strange habits that made them stand out in a crowd.  

About Dutch Dawn

Will they survive the 500-mile journey to freedom?

Isak Westgard is only six missions short to be rotated stateside. Then the unthinkable happens, and he crashes in the occupied Netherlands where the chances of him making it back to England are slim to none. The beautiful and tough-as-nails resistance courier begs to differ and claims she hasn’t lost anyone yet. The problem is the longer they’re together, the less he wants to escape.

Annaliese Claasen has escorted her fair share of refugees and downed Allied pilots to safety - too numerous to remember. Until now. There’s something different about the Norwegian-American lieutenant, and it’s more than his good looks. 
Can she get him out of the country before losing her heart?

Wednesday, April 29, 2026

Wartime Wednesday: Operation Paperclip

 

Wartime Wednesday: Operation Paperclip

My father-in-law worked for IBM, and from the late 1960s through 1975 worked at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama on the Apollo program. One of his projects was the communication ring on the Saturn V rocket, a rocket that NASA had thanks to German-born aerospace engineer and rocket designer Wernher von Braun who’d been relocated to the U.S. as part of Operation Paperclip. I often wondered how my father-in-law felt about working with a man who’d once been a member of the Nazi party, although it was later determined he joined to advance his career and avoid jail.

When the Allies advanced into Germany, they discovered a plethora of advanced research and scientific talent. (Unsurprising, since German rockets and bombs had been pummeling Europe for most of the war). But the U.S. realized they could use the German expertise in the fight against the Japanese as well as provide a boost to military research. In July 1945, the Joint Chiefs of Staff created Operation Overcast, later merged with and called Operation Paperclip. Army and Navy teams were sent to “locate and acquire information, hardware, and people.” A mission assigned to Colonel Holger N. Toftoy, chief of U.S. Army Ordnance Technical Intelligence in Europe, was to find and ship components for 100 V-2 missiles.

Thousands of German scientists and engineers in the fields of rocketry, aviation, chemical and
biological warfare, medicine, petroleum were interviewed immediately after the war with the intent to offer them six-month and one-year contracts for employment in the United States. Japan surrendered a mere three months later, but knowing the advantages of a long-term relationship with the scientists the program continued, only now as a one of permanent immigration: the adversary now the Russians and the resulting Cold War.

Needless to say, the program was highly classified as the military did not want the general public to know they had brought ex-Nazis to America. The initial group was composed of 125 individuals, including von Braun, and they were set up at Fort Bliss (Texas) to develop a cruise missile. Four years later, the group moved to Redstone Arsenal where the Army’s nuclear-armed ballistic missile program was located. After the Russians launched Sputnik in 1957, von Braun and his team were tasked with getting the U.S. into space.

Ultimately over 1,500 specialists and their families were brought to the United States. As the years passed, most became naturalized American citizens and were absorbed into the military as well as industrial and academic positions. Did the project advance American science, technology and national security? Yes, but did the ends justify the means? Some of the individuals recruited had perpetrated war crimes and should have been put on trial. Instead, their records were covered up with the excuse of being desperately needed to fight communism.

With the declassification of the files in the 1980s, the program came under scrutiny by the general public with mixed response.

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Norwegian Nights (The Resistance Chronicles, Book 2)

Can their marriage endure a debilitating injury, a devastating loss, and a world war?


The second anniversary of Germany’s occupation of Norway has passed with no end in sight, so Gustav Westgard and his wife are still exiled on Shetland. He’s convinced Oda’s miscarriage would have been prevented back in Norway and decides he must return to his homeland to do whatever possible to rid the country of its invaders. Will he live to see liberation?

Grieving the loss of her baby, Oda turns toward her heavenly Father as Gustav retreats inside himself. Rather than try to stop him after she discovers he plans to join the Norwegian resistance, she stows away onboard the ship taking him home. Can she convince him that they are better united in a cause than apart?

Purchase Link: https://books2read.com/u/bwl5qv